Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, alimi ambiri anayamba kubweza chipululu ndipo anasamukira chakumadzulo ku zigwa ndi kumalire akumwera chakumadzulo motsatira. Chifukwa cha kusamuka kwaulimi, alimi amadziwa bwino kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Dzikolo lisanalandidwe, linali lodzaza ndi miyala ndi kusowa madzi. Pambuyo pa kusamuka kwaulimi, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zida zaulimi komanso ukadaulo wofananira waulimi, malo ambiri adakhala opanda munthu, ndipo adakhala opanda eni ake. Kwa malo atsopano obzala, kuti agwirizane ndi mkhalidwewu, alimi ambiri anayamba kumanga mipanda ya minga minga m’malo awo obzala.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zipangizo m'mayambiriro oyambirira kukonzanso nthaka, m'malingaliro achikhalidwe a anthu, khoma lopangidwa ndi miyala ndi matabwa likhoza kugwira ntchito yoteteza, yomwe ingateteze malire ake kuti asawonongedwe ndi mphamvu zina zakunja ndi kuponderezedwa ndi zinyama, kotero chidziwitso cha chitetezo ndi cholimba.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa matabwa ndi miyala, anthu nthawi zonse akuyang'ana njira zina zotetezera mbewu zawo m'malo mwa mipanda yachikhalidwe. M'zaka za m'ma 1860 ndi 1870, anthu anayamba kulima zomera ndi minga ngati mipanda, koma mopanda mphamvu.
Chifukwa cha kusowa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa zomera, ndi zovuta zomanga, anthu adasiyidwa. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mipanda, ndondomeko yobwezeretsa nthaka sinali bwino.
Pofika m’chaka cha 1870, silika wosalala wapamwamba kwambiri anali atapezeka mosiyanasiyana. Oweta adagwiritsa ntchito mawaya osalalawa pozungulira mpanda, koma adapeza kuti nkhuku zimangotuluka ndikulowa.
Kenako, mu 1867, akatswiri awiri anayesera kuwonjezera silika ku silika wosalala, koma palibe chimene chinathandiza. Mpaka 1874, Michael Kelly anapanga njira yothandiza kwambiri yowonjezera minga ku silika, ndipo kenako anayamba kuigwiritsa ntchito mochuluka.
Joseph Glidden anapeza kuti m’mudzi wamba wamba muli chingwe chamatabwa. Pali misomali yambiri yakuthwa yachitsulo kumbali imodzi ya chingwe, ndipo mawaya achitsulo osalala amamangidwa mbali inayo. Zimene anapezazi zinamusangalatsa kwambiri. Zinapangitsanso kuti zomwe anatulukirazi ziwonekere mu mawonekedwe a waya waminga. Glidden anaika nsanazo mu chopukusira nyemba za khofi, kenaka anapotoza nsanazo mosiyanasiyana ndi waya wosalala ndi kupotoza waya wina kuzungulira msanawo kuti ugwire bwino.
Glidden amadziwika kuti tate wa waya waminga. Atapanga bwino, akupitilirabe mpaka pano ndi zopanga zopitilira 570 zamawaya waminga. Ndi "chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidasintha dziko lapansi".
Ku China, mafakitale ambiri omwe amapanga mawaya amingamo amakonza waya wamalata kapena waya wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi pulasitiki kukhala waya waminga. Njira iyi yoluka ndi kupotoza waya wamingaminga imathandizira kupanga bwino, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuti waya wamingamitsidwa sunakhazikike mokwanira.
Ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji, opanga ena tsopano akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokongoletsera, kotero kuti pamwamba pa ndodo ya waya sikhalanso yosalala, motero kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikika kwa phula.
Ndi minga yake yakuthwa, moyo wautali wautumiki, komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta komanso kopanda malire, waya waminga wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda, m'mafakitale, m'ndende ndi malo ena omwe akufunika kukhala kwaokha, ndipo adadziwika ndi anthu.
Nanga bwanji? Ndikudabwa ngati mukudabwa ngati ine kuti waya waminga ali ndi mbiri yosangalatsa chonchi?
Ngati mukudziwa pang'ono za waya waminga, ndinu olandiridwa kuti mulankhule nafe.
Lumikizanani nafe
22, Hebei Zosefera Zofunika, Anping, Hengshui, Hebei, China
Lumikizanani nafe
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2023